1. Names of the language and different spellings that have been used:
Creole Pidgin English 2. Classification of the language: Identification codes:AIATSIS:(subject catalogue 48/3E1) Capell (1963):(not mentioned) Oates (1975):(not mentioned) 3. Dialects of the language: Hudson (1987 p.c.) says that 'Kriol' refers to only one of the creoles of northern Australia. There is at least one other in Queensland and the speech of the Broome area is not yet regarded as Kriol. McGregor (1988:217) says there are three major dialects, one in the Kimberley, one in the Northern Territory, and one in the Torres Strait Islands. '"'Most young Aborigines of northern Australia speak some form of the post-contact language which is a creolised form of Pidgin English (see section 4_7_1). It seems that many Kimberley Aborigines regard their variety of Kriol as very different from, if not mutually unintelligible with the Northern Territory dialect, and reject suggestions that they are the same language. There are also certain differences in the Kimberley dialect from centre to centre, which many speakers are well aware of.'"' 4. Present number and distribution of speakers: The language is spoken, in various forms, throughout northern Australia. 5. People who have worked intensively to record the language: Joyce Hudson (since 1980) Margaret Mickan John Sandefur (1970s to present) 6. Practical spelling system: The spelling system in use for Northern Territory Kriol is also used in the Kimberley. 7. Word lists: Hudson has prepared a word list of Fitzroy Valley Kriol. 8. Texts: Hudson (1983a) 9. Grammar or sketch grammar: Hudson (1983a) 10. Language programmes: Adult literacy programmes have been run in the Kimberley, and at Yiyili School. 11. Language learning material: Hudson has prepared some unpublished material. 12. Literature in the language: Some material has been produced at La Grange school, and at Yiyili. 13. Material available: This bibliography contains only work dealing with Western Australia. Since most of the work on Creole in Western Australia has been done in the Kimberley, reference is also made to this work, even though it is outside the region covered by this handbook. Further reading lists on post-contact languages in Australia are contained in McGregor's Handbook of Kimberley languages, or Menning and Nash's Sourcebook of Central Australian languages. (see section 5 (Bibliography) for annotations on the following works) Capell, A. (1979) 'Languages and creoles in Australia', pp.141-161 in Sociologia Interationalis, Vol.17. Eagleson, R.D., S. Kaldor and I. Malcolm (1982) English and the Aboriginal child, Curriculum Development Centre, Canberra. Hudson, J. (1977) Some common features in Fitzroy Crossing children's pidgin and Walmatjari, MS. Hudson, J. (1981a) Fitzroy Valley Kriol wordlist, MS. Hudson, J. (1981b) Grammatical and semantic aspects of Fitzroy Valley Kriol, MA thesis, ANU. Hudson, J. (1983) Grammatical and semantic aspects of Fitzroy Valley Kriol, SIL/AAB, Darwin. Hudson, J. (1983b) 'Transitivity and aspect in the Kriol verb', pp.161-175 in Papers in pidgin and creole linguistics No.3, Pacific Linguistics, A-65, Canberra. Hudson, J. (1984) 'Why English should be taught as a second language in Aboriginal schools in the Kimberleys', pp.99-106 in Wikaru, Vol.12. Mühlhäusler, P. (1987) 'Pidgin English in Western Australia: an introduction', MS. Sandefur, J.R. (1980) 'Pidgin and creole in the Kimberleys, Western Australia', pp.31-37 in AIAS Newsletter No.14. Sandefur, J.R. (1981) 'Developing a literature for Kriol', pp.115-133 in S. Hargrave, (ed.) Literacy in an Aboriginal context, Work Papers of SIL/AAB, SIL, Darwin. Sandefur, J.R. and Sandefur, J.L. (1979) Pidgin and creole in the Kimberleys, Western Australia, MS.
