4.6.3 MANJILJARRA

4.6.3 Manjiljarra


Location: Along Canning stock route; 100 miles east of Jigalong, north towards Lake Disappointment (Oates 1975); along the Canning Stock Route mainly north of Lake Disappointment (Marsh 1990 p.c.).
1. Names of the language and different spellings that have been used:
Jindi
Maduwongga (Tindale)
Mandjildjara (Tindale)
Mandjiltjara (Wurm)
Mantjiltjara (Marsh)
Manyjilyjarra (Marsh)
Mardo
Marduwangga
Martu Wangka
Martu-wangka
Matuntara
Matutjara
Matuwangga (Bates)
Marsh (1972) says that Martu Wangka is the contemporary name for the language of Jigalong which is made up of Kartujarra, Putijarra and Manjiljarra.
2. Classification of the language:
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966): Wati
Identification codes:AIATSIS:A.33
Capell (1963):A.38
Oates (1975):56.2 (Martu Wangka; 56.2c)
3. Dialects of the language:
Desert languages have an avoidance style as well as the everyday style.
Manjiljarra is one of the languages now known as Martu Wangka. This term means 'Aboriginal language', and can apply to speakers of a number of languages who call themselves Martu.
4. Present number and distribution of speakers:
Over 200 speakers at Punmu, Parnngurr, Jigalong and also now in Port Hedland and towns on the desert fringe.
Marsh (1990 p.c.) notes that there are over 700 speakers of Martu Wangka, with nearly 400 Manjiljarra speakers.
5. People who have worked intensively to record the language:
Jim Marsh (late 1960s to the present)
Bill Langlands (late 1960s to the present)
6. Practical spelling system:
Marsh uses an orthography with a voiceless stop series.
7. Word lists:
Marsh (1984)
McConvell (1980)
Tindale (1952-54)
Marsh has a dictionary in press (1992).
8. Texts:
Davenport (1988)
9. Grammar or sketch grammar:
Marsh (1976)
10. Language programmes:
Punmu, Jigalong and Strelley schools have had bilingual programmes running at various times.
11. Language learning material:
Marsh (1980)
Strelley Manjiljarra Literacy Workers (1978)
Martu Wangka Publications You can read Martu Wangka, 11 volumes, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong (this is a course designed to teach reading to speakers of the languages who are familiar with English).
12. Literature in the language:
A great deal of material has been produced at Jigalong, the Strelley schools and Punmu.
Parts of the Old and New Testamants of the Bible have been produced in typescript or printed form.
Martu Wangka Publications in Jigalong have a large number of publications.
13. Material available:
(see section 5 (Bibliography) for annotations on the following works)
Booth, J. (1981a) Ngaanya yini jukurrjanu, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Booth, J. (1982b) Mirrka kamu wamakaja pujimanjanu, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Booth, J. (1984) Wakala nyuntulu wangka, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1966b) Interim report (1) [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 6-30 June 1966.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969d) Report on fieldwork, ts.
Burbidge, A.A., K.A. Johnson, P.J. Fuller and R.I. Southgate (1988) 'Aboriginal knowledge of the mammals of the Central Deserts of Australia', pp.9-39 in Australian Wildlife Research, Vol.15.
Chapman, M. (1984) Jarntulu-jananya kuurljunu nanikutakaja, SIL/AAB, Darwin.
Clendon, M. (1988) 'Some features of Manjiljarra nominalised relative clauses', in P. Austin, (ed.) Complex sentence constructions in Australian languages, John Benjamins: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
Colley, L. and J. Booth (1981a) Jikulyungu wangka, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Colley, L. and J. Booth (1981b) Yaaluwa marlu punguraku, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Colley, L. and J. Booth (1982a) Jantaru putalkuraku wartajanu, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Colley, L. and J. Booth (1982b) Wuukarta jawalkuraku pirtijanu, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Colley, L. and J. Booth (1984) Karlaya pungkuraku, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Colley L., W. Langlands and J. Booth (1981) Japuwarta wangka mirli-mirlingka, SIL/AAB, Darwin.
Davenport, S. (ed.) 1988 Yintakaja-lampajuya, Western Desert Puntukurnuparna and Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, Port Hedland.
Frank, N., M. Musso, D. Taylor, E. Watson, and L. Williams (1987) Manjiljara picture vocabulary, Punmu Community School, Punmu.
Gibbs, D. (1986) Dulciemili wangka, SAL, Alice Springs. IAAS 0076.
Hansen, K.C. (1984) 'Communicability of some Western Desert communilects', pp.1-112 in J. Hudson and N. Pym, (eds) Language Survey, Work papers of SIL-AAB, B-11, SIL/AAB, Darwin.
Hargrave, S. (1982) 'A report on colour term research in five Aboriginal languages', pp.201-226 in S. Hargrave, (ed.) Language and culture, Work Papers of SIL-AAB, B-8, SIL/AAB, Darwin.
Lindgren, E. (1960) 'Natural history notes from Jigalong, North-Western Australia', pp.195-201 in The Western Australian Naturalist, Vol.7, no.5.
Malana, R. and J. Booth (1983) Turakakujarrangka-laju yanu Wartararrakarti, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Marsh, J.L. (1968a) Linguistic routine report, March, 1968.
Marsh, J.L. (1969a) Linguistic routine report, January 1969.
Marsh, J.L. (1969) 'Mantjiltjara phonology', pp.131-152 in Oceanic Linguistics, Vol.8, no.2.
Marsh, J.L. (1970a) Paragraph structure of Mantjiltjara, ts.
Marsh, J.L. (1970b) The discourse genre of Mantjiltjara, ts.
Marsh, J.L. (1972) Linguistic routine report, July 1972.
Marsh, J.L. (1976) The grammar of Mantjiltjara, MA thesis, Arizona State University.
Marsh, J.L. (1977a) Questionnaire on the Western Desert languages, Manjiljarra and Kartujarra, ts.
Marsh, J.L. (1977b) 'The Notion of Balance in Mantjiltjara Grammar', pp.25-33 in E. Brumby and E.Vászolyi, (eds) Language problems and Aboriginal education, ATEP, Mount Lawley College of Advanced Education, Perth.
Marsh, J.L. (1980) Lessons for learning Martu Wangka, ts.
Marsh, J.L. (1984) Preliminary dictionary of Martu Wangka, SIL, Punmu Community School, Punmu.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1971) Linguistic routine report [September 1971].
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972a) Analysis of grammar data of Mantjiltjara, Katutjara (Matu Wangka) and psycholinguistic testing of proposed practical orthography.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972b) Linguistic routine report, July 1972.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972c) Linguistic routine report, October 1972.
McConvell, P. (1980) Manjiljarra Wangka, Manjiljarra - English dictionary (draft), Strelley Literacy Centre/ SAL.
Mintern, D. and J. Booth (1984) Lunki, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Punmu community (1985-) Punmu wangka.
Punmu Community (n.d.) Jiji Mirlimirli, Punmu.
Raa, E. ten and S. Tod Woenne (1974) Research dictionary of the Western Desert language of Australia, Anthropology Department, UWA, Perth (ts and computer disk).
Rubin, P. and J. Booth (1984a) Kalyu pakala, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Rubin, P. and J. Booth (1984b) Ngaa wangka julyjujanu, Martu Wangka Publications Jigalong.
Sailor, E. (1985) Jarntumili pirnki, Martu Wangka Publications, Jigalong.
Sharp, J. (n.d.) Manyjilyjarra suffixes, ts.
Strelley Community (n.d.) Mikurrunya.
Strelley Literature Centre (1979) Wartakaja, manyjilyjarramili wangka, Strelley.
Strelley Manyjilyjarra Literacy Workers (1978) Manjiljarra language learning (books and audiotapes).
Thieberger, N. (1989) 'Martu statements on the ownership of Karlamlyi', pp.234-248 in G. Wright, (ed) The Significance of the Karlamilyi region to the Martujarra of the Western Desert, Western Desert Puntukurnuparna Aboriginal Corporation, Port Hedland.
Tindale, N.B. (1952-54) Field journal of Norman B. Tindale: 18th expedition under the auspices of Board for Anthropological Research, University of Adelaide and the University of California at Los Angeles, 1952-1954 (ts and MS).
Tonkinson, R. (1964-65) Songs (audiotape).
Tonkinson, R. (1965a) [Annotations to accompany 8 min. col. movie films shot at Jigalong Mission, 1964-65].
Tonkinson, R. (1965c) Some suggestions regarding contact with Desert Aborigines, ts.
Tonkinson, R. (1966) Social structure and acculturation of Aborigines in the Western Desert, MA thesis, UWA.
Tonkinson, R. (1974) The Jigalong mob: Aboriginal victors of the desert crusade, Cummings, Menlo Park, California.
Tonkinson, R. (1978a) 'Semen versus spirit-child in a western desert culture [spiritual and physiological paternity among Aborigines at Jigalong]' pp.81-92 in L.R. Hiatt, (ed.) Australian Aboriginal concepts, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
Tonkinson, R. (1978b) The Mardudjara Aborigines: living the dream in Australia's desert, Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, New York.
Tonkinson, R. (1991) The Mardu Aborigines: living the dream in Australia's desert, (rev. ed.), Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, New York
Veth, P.M. (1989) The prehistory of the Sandy Deserts: spatial and temporal variation in settlement and subsistence behaviour within the arid zone of Australia, PhD thesis, UWA.
Veth, P.M. and F.J. Walsh (1986) Old camping places and plant use in Martujara land, UWA, Perth.
Veth, P.M. and F.J. Walsh (1988) 'The concept of 'staple' plant foods in the Western Desert region of Western Australia', pp.19-25 in Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1988, no.2.
Walsh, F.J. (1987) Patterns of plant resource use by Martujarra Aborigines, MSc (Prelim.) thesis, UWA.
Walsh, F.J. (1990) 'An ecological study of traditional Aboriginal use of '"'country'"': Martu in the Great and Little Sandy Deserts, Western Australia', pp.23-37 in Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, Vol.16.
Williams, D. (1986) Kinyu wangka, Ditchmili wangka, SAL, Alice Springs.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981a) Jijajalu-lanya kangku Mamakarti, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981b) Jijajalu-lu wangkangu wilinyja yatarnarriraku, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981c) Jijajalu pampurnu pampuru, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981d) Jijajalu wankarnu kajapartanu pirlalyjimili, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981e) Jijajalu warrkirnu kurtingu malpu, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981f) Jijajanga yutirringu japukurlu, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981g) Mamalu-jananya ngampurrju kanyilpayi Jijiparaku, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981h) Mamalu kunyjunyumanu mukuntu yirna, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981i) Pirlalyjilu mani junu manipintingka, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1981j) Yaatamukamu-pula Yiipi nyinapayi yintangka Yiitanja, WBT, Darwin.
Wycliffe Bible Translators (1989) Tayitajiku-ra mirlimirli, WBT, Darwin.


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