4.6.1 KARTUJARRA

4.6.1 Kartujarra


Location: Western side of Lake Disappointment, near Percival Lakes; Marsh (1990 p.c.) says Kartujarra country is west and north-west of Lake Disappointment, and may extend south-west of there as well.
1. Names of the language and different spellings that have been used:
 Djalgudi (Capell)
Gadudjara (Sackett)
Gardudjara
Gumbadimaia
Jindi
Kadadkara
Katatjara
Kiadjara
Kurdu (-wonga)
Maduwongga (Tindale)
Mardo
Marduwangga
Martu Wangka
Martu-wangka
Matuwangga (Bates)
Targoodi
Targudi (Wurm)
Tjal'gandi
Tjarrgudi (Brandenstein) (see the note in 3 below)
Tindale notes that Tjargudi is a term applied to Kartujarra by neighbouring groups perhaps meaning 'northerners'.
Marsh (1972) says that Martu Wangka is the contemporary name for the language of Jigalong which is made up of Kartujarra, Putijarra and Manjiljarra.
2. Classification of the language:
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966): Wati
Identification codes:AIATSIS:A51 (Dargudi A.56)
Capell (1963):A14 (Dargudi A.08)
Oates (1975):56.2a (Dargudi 56.2d)
Tindale says Dargudi is an alternative name for Kartujarra. This may be the case, as the languages of Jigalong today do not include Dargudi. Marsh (1990 p.c.) notes that he has not heard this language name in his fieldwork.
Oates (1975) gives the location for Dargudi as north-west of Robertson Range, headwaters of the Oakover river; inland west of Robertson Range. This coincides with the Kartujarra and Nyiyaparli region.
Brandenstein says that Tjarrgudi was the name commonly used for both Kartujarra and Purtijarra.
3. Dialects of the language:
Desert languages have an avoidance style as well as the everyday style.
Kartujarra is one of the languages now known as Martu Wangka. This term means 'Aboriginal language', and can apply to speakers of a number of languages who call themselves Martu.
Marsh (1990 p.c.) notes that Kurajarra, Putijarra and Kartujarra are close. He reports that Kurajarra is 'heavy Kartujarra' ('"'like American English'"').
4. Present number and distribution of speakers:
Langlands (1986 p.c.): Jigalong, Wiluna, 300-400 speakers
Marsh (1990 p.c.) notes that there are over 700 speakers of Martu Wangka, with more Manjiljarra than Kartujarra speakers.
5. People who have worked intensively to record the language:
Jim Marsh (late 1960s to the present)
Bill Langlands (late 1960s to the present)
6. Practical spelling system:
Marsh uses an orthography with a voiceless stop series.
7. Word lists:
Brandenstein (1969g)
Davidson (1932)
Marsh (1984)
O'Grady (1959)
Tonkinson (1965b)
8. Texts:
Literacy texts have been produced by Martu Wangka publications for Jigalong school.
Davenport (1988)
9. Grammar or sketch grammar:
See Marsh's grammar of Manjiljarra.
10. Language programmes:
See entries for Manjiljarra and Martu Wangka.
11. Language learning material:
See entries for Manjiljarra and Martu Wangka.
12. Literature in the language:
See entries for Manjiljarra and Martu Wangka.
13. Material available:
(see section 5 (Bibliography) for annotations on the following works)
Bates, D.M. (n.d.79) Native vocabularies - Murchison District, ts Section 12, 2F, ANL - MS 365 Box 54-58 (especially 2F,21 and 2F,14).
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969e) Report on fieldwork, 1969.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969g) The diaries of C.G. von Brandenstein, 1964-1969, MS.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1982a) Eighty-eight grammar text sheets, exemplifying grammatical, lexical and phraseological diversities as well as links of 25 Aboriginal languages from Western Australia, ts.
Burbidge, A.A., K.A. Johnson, P.J. Fuller and R.I. Southgate (1988) 'Aboriginal knowledge of the mammals of the Central Deserts of Australia', pp.9-39 in Australian Wildlife Research, Vol.15.
Davenport, S. (ed.) (1988) Yintakaja-lampajuya, Western Desert Puntukurnuparna and Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, Port Hedland.
Davidson, D.S. (1932) Comparative vocabularies of 19 Western Australian languages, ts.
Hansen, K.C. (1984) 'Communicability of some Western Desert communilects', pp.1-112 in J.Hudson and N.Pym, (eds) Language Survey, Series B, Vol.11. SIL/AAB, SIL, Darwin.
Lindgren, E. (1960) 'Natural history notes from Jigalong, North-Western Australia', pp.195- 201 in The Western Australian Naturalist, Vol.7, no.5.
Marsh, J.L. (1968) Linguistic routine report, March 1968.
Marsh, J.L. (1969a) Linguistic routine report, January 1969.
Marsh, J.L. (1969b) Mantjiltjara phonology, pp.131-152 in Oceanic Linguistics, Vol.8, no.2.
Marsh, J.L. (1972) Linguistic routine report, July 1972.
Marsh, J.L. (1977a) Questionnaire on the Western Desert languages, Manjiljarra and Kartujarra.
Marsh, J.L. (1980) Lessons for learning Martu Wangka, MS.
Marsh, J.L. (1984) Preliminary dictionary of Martu Wangka, SIL, Punmu Community School.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1971) Linguistic routine report [September 1971].
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972a) Analysis of grammar data of Mantjiltjara, Katutjara (Matu Wangka) and psycholinguistic testing of proposed practical orthography.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972b) Linguistic routine report, July 1972.
Marsh, J.L. and M. Marsh (1972c) Linguistic routine report, October 1972.
Mountford, C.P. and R. Tonkinson (1970) 'Carved and engraved human figures from North Western Australia', pp.371-390 in Anthropological Forum, Vol.2, no.3.
O'Grady, G.N. (1959) Significance of the circumcision boundary in Western Australia, BA thesis, University of Sydney.
Raa, E. ten and S. Tod Woenne (1974) Research dictionary of the Western Desert language of Australia, Anthropology Department, UWA, Perth (ts and computer disk).
Tindale, N.B. (1952-54) Field journal of Norman B. Tindale: 18th expedition under the auspices of Board for Anthropological Research, University of Adelaide and the University of California at Los Angeles, 1952-1954.
Tonkinson, R. (1963) Songs (audiotape).
Tonkinson, R. (1964-65) Songs (audiotape).
Tonkinson, R. (1965a) [Annotations to accompany 8 min. col. movie films shot at Jigalong Mission, 1964-65].
Tonkinson, R. (1965b) Gardudjara vocabulary, ts.
Tonkinson, R. (1965c) Some suggestions regarding contact with Desert Aborigines, ts.
Tonkinson, R. (1966) Social structure and acculturation of Aborigines in the Western Desert, MA thesis, UWA.
Tonkinson, R. (1974) The Jigalong mob: Aboriginal victors of the desert crusade, Cummings, Menlo Park, California.
Tonkinson, R. (1978a) 'Semen versus spirit-child in a western desert culture [spiritual and physiological paternity among Aborigines at Jigalong]' pp.81-92 in L.R. Hiatt, (ed.) Australian Aboriginal concepts, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
Tonkinson, R. (1978b) The Mardudjara Aborigines: living the dream in Australia's desert, Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, New York.
Tonkinson, R. (1991) The Mardu Aborigines: living the dream in Australia's desert, (rev. ed), Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, New York.
Veth, P.M. (1989) The prehistory of the Sandy Deserts: spatial and temporal variation in settlement and subsistence behaviour within the arid zone of Australia, PhD thesis, UWA.
Veth, P.M. and F.J. Walsh (1988) 'The Concept of 'staple' plant foods in the Western Desert region of Western Australia', pp.19-25 in Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1988, no.2.
Walsh, F.J. (1987) Patterns of plant resource use by Martujarra Aborigines, MSc (Prelim.) thesis, UWA.
Walsh, F.J. (1990) 'An ecological study of traditional Aboriginal use of '"'country'"': Martu in the Great and Little Sandy Deserts, Western Australia', pp.23-37 in Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, Vol.16.


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