4_4_8 Ngarluma

Location: Roebourne and vicinity, inland for about seventy miles; islands off Nickol Bay; west almost to Maitland River.
1. Names of the language and different spellings that have been used:
Gnalluma
Gnalooma
Karira-Ngaluma
Ngalluma (Bates)
Ngalooma
2. Classification of the language:
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966): Ngayarda
Identification codes:AIATSIS:W38
Capell (1963):W.32
Oates (1975):50.5b
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) say that Kariyarra and Ngarluma are dialects of a single language.
O'Grady (1959:133) says that Banyjima, Yindjiparndi, Kariyarra, Ngarluma and possibly Martuthunira are part of a special subgroup of eastern Western Desert languages.
3. Dialects of the language:
Brandenstein distinguishes between east and west Ngarluma.
Tindale gives Jaburara (Yaburarra) as a dialect related to Ngarluma.
4. Present number and distribution of speakers:
Brandenstein (1970d): 70 speakers in Roebourne, Port Hedland, Onslow and Pilbara stations in 1966.
Wordick (1977b): about 100 speakers at Roebourne.
5. People who have worked intensively to record the language:
Carl-Georg von Brandenstein (1964-70)
Ken Hale (late 1950s)
6. Practical spelling system:
A voiced spelling system is in use in the material being produced in Roebourne.
7. Word lists:
Brandenstein (1970d,1975)
Davidson (1932)
Hale (1982-85)
Hall and Brandenstein (1971)
O'Grady (1959)
Richardson (1886)
Walcott (1861)
8. Texts:
Brandenstein (1970d)
Brandenstein (1969g)
Daniel (1990)
9. Grammar or sketch grammar:
Capell (1963) says that Hale has studied Ngarluma intensively.
Simpson has written a sketch of Ngarluma grammar.
10. Language programmes:
None
11. Language learning material:
None
12. Literature in the language:
Wangka Maya (Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre) (1989/90)
13. Material available:
(see section 5 (Bibliography) for annotations on the following works)
Anonymous (1896) Native vocabulary, Nickol Bay, MS.
Bates, D.M. (1906) 'The marriage laws and some customs of the West Australian Aborigines', pp.36-60 in the Victorian Geographical Journal, 1905-06, Vol.13/14.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.73) Native vocabularies - Miscellaneous, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-50/47-99.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.102) Native vocabularies - Roebourne dialect (Ngalooma), typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-51/24-29.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.103) Native vocabularies - Roebourne Magisterial District, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-48/2-22.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.105) Native vocabularies - Roebourne Magisterial District, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-51/47-56.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.107) Native vocabularies - Roebourne, Nickol Bay, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-51/2-6.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.108) Native vocabularies - Roebourne, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 2D, ANL-MS365-51/13-23.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.128) Outline of grammar [1] - general, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 1, ANL-MS365-37/5-42.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.129) Outline of grammar [2] - Pronouns, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 1, ANL-MS365-37/43-97.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.130) Outline of grammar [3] - Verbs, typescript copy of MS, Section 12, 1, ANL-MS365-37/98-141.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.139) Social organisation - Table of descent - Northern Tribes, typescript copy of MS, Section 3, ANL-MS365-13/2-17.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.140) Social organisation - tribes of W.A., typescript copy of MS, Section 3:1, ANL-MS365-5/2-287.
Bates, D.M. (n.d.151) Totemism - Northwest W.A., typescript copy of MS, Section 5, ANL-MS365-20/152-235.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1965a) 'Ein Abessiv im gemein-Australischen', pp.646-662 in Anthropos, Vol.60.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1965b) General report on linguistic fieldwork, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1965c) Interim report [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia 15 July-15 August 1965.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1965d) Interim report (3) [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 15 August-15 September 1965.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1965f) Interim report (5) [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 15 October-15 November 1965.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1966a) Herbarium Stein: 25 medicinal or poisonous plants, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1966b) Interim report (1) [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 6-30 June 1966.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1966d) Report [to AIAS] on fieldwork 1-31 July 1966.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1966e) Report [to AIAS] on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 1-31 August 1966.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1967a) Interim report, 17 July-10 October 1967.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1967b) Linguistic routine report, September 1967.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1967c) 'The language situation in the Pilbara - past and present', pp.1-20 in Papers in Australian Linguistics No.2, Pacific Linguistics, A-11, Canberra.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1968b) Interim report, 1968, no.1 (July-August).
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1968c) Interim report, 1968, no.2 (September-December).
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1968d) Linguistic routine report, October 1968.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1968e) Some new aspects of Australian Aboriginal language based on fieldwork in north-west Western Australia, 1964-67. Paper read at the General Meeting of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (1968), ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969b) Linguistic routine report, January 1969.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969f) 'Tabi songs of the Aborigines', pp.28-33 in Hemisphere, Vol.13, no.11.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1969g) The diaries of C.G. von Brandenstein, 1964-1969, MS.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1970d) Narratives from the North-West of Western-Australia in the Ngarluma and Jindjiparndi languages, Volumes 1-3 + audio-disc, AIAS, Canberra.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1972e) 'The symbolism of the north-western Australian zigzag design', pp.223-238 in Oceania, Vol.42, no.3.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1973b) 'Placenames of the north-west', pp.99-107 in WA Naturalist, Vol.12, no.5.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1975) Pilbara Aboriginal vocabulary, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1982a) Eighty-eight grammar text sheets, exemplifying grammatical, lexical and phraseological diversities as well as links of 25 Aboriginal languages from Western Australia, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1982c) 'The secret respect language of the Pilbara', pp.33-52 in Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Sonderheft 50.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (1989) The First Europeans on Australia's West Coast, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von (n.d.c) List of audiotaped material, ts.
Brandenstein, C.G. von and A.P. Thomas (1974) Taruru: Aboriginal song poetry from the Pilbara, Rigby, Adelaide.
Clement, E. (1903) 'Ethnographical notes on the Western Australian Aborigines', pp.1-29 in Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Vol.16, nos.1-2.
Daniel, D. (R.Reynolds ed.) (1990) Thalu sites of the West Pilbara, WA Museum, Perth.
Davidson, D.S. (1932) Comparative vocabularies of 19 Western Australian languages, ts.
Dench, A.C. (1982c) 'The development of an accusative case marking pattern in the Ngayarda languages of Western Australia', pp.43-60 in Australian Journal of Linguistics, Vol.2, no.1.
Dench, A.C. (1983a) Pilbara pronoun reconstructions, ts.
Dench, A.C. (1985d) Pilbara demonstrative reconstructions, ts.
Derriman, P. (1990) '"'Why Western Australia's Aborigines are speaking Portuguese'"', in the Sydney Morning Herald 30 July 1990.
Elkin, A.P. (1975a) 'In place of corroborees', p.38 in Hemisphere Vol.19, no.5.
Elkin, A.P. (1975b) 'Review of Taruru (Brandenstein and Thomas (1974))', p.244 in Oceania, Vol.45, no.3.
Fink, R.A. (1956) Fieldnotes, 8 notebooks, MS.
Gregory, A.C. and F.T. Gregory (1884) Journals of Australian explorations 1846-1858, Government Publisher, Brisbane.
Hale, K.L. (1959b) Yintyiparnti (Roebourne 1959), MS .
Hale, K.L. (1960) Fieldnotes, MS.
Hale, K.L. (1982-85) Ngarluma dictionary and sentences, ts.
Hall, H.A. and C.G. von Brandenstein (1971) A partial vocabulary of the Ngalooma Aboriginal tribe, AIAS, Canberra.
Lockyer, E. (1990) [Recordings in Kariyarra], PALC.
Mathews, R.H. (1904) 'Ethnological notes on the Aboriginal tribes of Western Australia', pp.69-72 in Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Queensland Branch, Proceedings, Vol.19.
Nash, D. (n.d.) Is Ngarluma split ergative?, ts.
O'Grady, G.N. (1957-58) Materials on the suffixing languages of Western Australia, MS.
O'Grady, G.N. (1959) Significance of the circumcision boundary in Western Australia, BA thesis, University of Sydney .
O'Grady, G.N. (1966) 'Proto-Ngayarda phonology', pp.71-130 in Oceanic Linguistics, no.5.
O'Grady, G.N. (1968) Notes, MS.
O'Grady, G.N., C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin (1966) 'Languages of the world: Indo-Pacific fascicle 6', pp.1-197 in Anthropological Linguistics, Vol.8, no.2.
Olsson, C. (1986) Pilbara ethnobotany, MS.
Palmer, K. (1975) 'Petroglyphs and associated Aboriginal sites in the north-west of Western Australia,' pp.152-9 in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania, Vol.10, no.2.
Palmer, K. (1977a) 'Aboriginal sites and the Fortescue River, north-west of Western Australia', pp.226-233 in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania, Vol.12, no.3.
Palmer, K. (1977b) 'Myth, ritual and rock art', pp.38-49 in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania, Vol.12, no.1.
Palmer, K. (1977c) 'Stone arrangements and mythology', pp.33-38 in Mankind, Vol.11, no.1.
Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. (1913a) 'The distribution of native tribes in part of Western Australia', pp. 34-35 in Science of Man, Vol.14, no.2.
(Radcliffe-)Brown, A.R. (1913b) 'Three tribes of Western Australia', pp.143-194 in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.43.
Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. (n.d.) North-west division short vocabulary, ts.
Richardson, A.K. (1886) 'Vocabulary no.10, Nickol Bay', pp.296-301 in E.M.Curr, The Australian race, Vol.1.
Simpson, J. (1980) Ngarluma as a W* language, ts.
Simpson, J. (1984) Location in some Australian languages. Paper presented to the ALS meeting, Alice Springs (handout).
Simpson,J and D. Nash (1981) 'Ngarluma is not split ergative'. Paper presented to the ALS meeting, Canberra, (handout).
Walcott, P. (1861) 'Vocabulary of the Aboriginal language at Nickol Bay, in the Meteorological Journal kept on board the Dolphin at anchor in Nickol Bay North-West Australia', pp.39-40 in Journal of the North-West Australian Exploring Expedition..., Stirling, Perth.
WA Museum (1989) Our land our life (VHS video).
Wangka Maya (Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre) (1989-90) Aboriginal languages of the Pilbara [Banyjima, Kariyarra, Manjiljarra, Ngarla, Ngarluma, Nyamal, Nyangumarta, Yindjibarndi], Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, Port Hedland.
Withnell, J.G. (1901) The customs and traditions of the Aboriginal natives of North Western Australia, Geyer, Roebourne.
Withnell, J.G. (1903) 'Pronouns, adjectives, and verbs of the Paljarri tribe, Western Australia', p.56 in Science of Man, Vol.6, no.4.
Wright, B.J. (1970) Some plants of the Pilbara and their traditional use by the Aborigines (notes and tapescripts).
Yabaroo (A.S.Cameron) (1899) Aborigines of North-West Australia: a vocabulary etc., J.W.Barnard, Perth.

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